Joint replacement may be considered when pain and disability remain substantial despite appropriate non-operative treatment and clinical assessment indicates that the likely benefits outweigh the risks.
Knee osteoarthritis
Common symptoms include:
- Pain during walking or standing
- Stiffness after rest
- Difficulty climbing stairs
- Reduced walking distance
- Swelling or reduced range of movement
- Difficulty with everyday activities
The severity of symptoms does not always match an X-ray finding. A treatment plan should consider both the clinical assessment and imaging.
Non-operative treatment options
Depending on the diagnosis and the patient’s circumstances, management may include:
- Exercise and physiotherapy
- Weight management when appropriate
- Activity modification
- Suitable pain-relief strategies after considering medical history
- Walking aids or selected supportive devices
- Other treatments where clinically indicated
No single treatment is suitable for every patient.
When is knee replacement considered?
Total or partial knee replacement may be discussed when arthritis causes significant pain and functional limitation and other appropriate measures have not provided sufficient relief.
The decision depends on symptoms, examination, imaging, overall health, expectations and informed patient preference.
Hip replacement
Hip arthritis may cause groin pain, stiffness, difficulty putting on footwear and reduced walking tolerance. Hip replacement may be considered when symptoms substantially affect quality of life and the diagnosis supports surgery.
What is involved in joint replacement?
A consultation may cover:
- Diagnosis and severity of joint disease
- Available non-operative options
- The proposed procedure and implant considerations
- Anaesthesia and medical assessment
- Potential complications and realistic expectations
- Postoperative mobilisation and rehabilitation
- Follow-up and long-term joint care
Joint replacement can provide substantial pain relief and functional improvement for appropriately selected patients, but results vary. Infection, blood clots, stiffness, persistent pain, implant wear and other complications are possible.
Recovery after joint replacement
Recovery depends on general health, the procedure, rehabilitation and individual progress. Patients commonly require a structured mobilisation and exercise programme, wound care and follow-up. Driving, work and sports should be resumed according to recovery and professional advice.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need knee replacement because my X-ray shows severe arthritis?
Not necessarily. The decision also considers pain, function, examination, previous treatment and the patient’s goals.
How long does a knee or hip replacement last?
Implant longevity varies with several factors, including implant design, activity, patient characteristics and complications. No specific lifespan can be guaranteed for an individual.
Can I delay joint replacement?
In some cases, symptoms can be managed without surgery for a period of time. The appropriate plan depends on pain, function, disease severity and individual circumstances.
This page is general information and does not replace an individual clinical assessment. Treatment decisions depend on your history, examination and investigations.